Monday, December 15, 2008
Contemporary Adverts
The diet coke advert shows women watching a male character take his clothes off and drinking coke, the advert shows a idea which is different from other adverts, most of the adverts show men watching women take their clothes of something on the same line ( male gaze ) but in this advert the females watch the men behave promiscious this can be said to introduce the female gaze which is the oppisite of the male gaze, which shows women objectifying men as sex objects.
This advert is similar to the diet coke advert becuase it is showing female characters looking at male characters, this advert also supports the female gaze as the man is being objectified, from the last two adverts it can be said that displaying the oppisite sex in a premiscious way is a effective way of selling products.
this advert is different the others and shows another change in society, in this advert it shows a male character doing houswork when stereotypically it was a females job to do it, the advert shows the change in domestic roles which also goes on the new man, it also raises awarness of men being "housewives" as some men now days choose to stay home and raise their kids.
Historical Adverts
this avdert is advertising the product shake and vac which was a product to do with cleaning which would be assosiated with women as they are the ones who would have used this product. the advert shows a women cleaning up the house this supports the stereotypical idea of women being houswives. the clothing the female character is wearing is not exposing at all showing the idea of maddona vs whore theory and how women can only be one only. This advert highlights life in the 20th century where a womens role was to take care of the children and cleaning the house.
this advert is similar to the shake and vac advert as it shows women in a stereotypical way, the main character is a female whos task is to clean the house, this advert is an exampple of how women were labelled as housewives and their jobs were to cook and clean. the characters facial expression shows that she is happy with the work so the message the director wants to give to women is to be happy with doing the houswork as that is what they should be doing.
The flake advert is different from both of the other adverts as the representation of the women are different, the female character is seen running outside which could connote freedom from the housework, also in the other adverts the females are working to gain happyness from their husbands and their families in this advert the female character is seen to be happy on her own and puttin her own enjoyment before anyones elses, however on the other hand it can also be said that the choclate flake stands for a phalic symbol of a pennis therfore showing male domience and the male gaze again
3 Ways The Number Of Female Directors Could Be Improved
1. Having more female role models like more big time female directors who other amateur directors could look up to.
2. Having big companies such as fox or time warner linking famous male directors with female directors therfore females directors still have a good amount of input in the films
3. schools which are only for female media students this could be done in a attempt to interest them.
2. Having big companies such as fox or time warner linking famous male directors with female directors therfore females directors still have a good amount of input in the films
3. schools which are only for female media students this could be done in a attempt to interest them.
5 Female Directors
1.Jane Campion
1989:Sweetie
1990:An Angel at My Table
1993: The Piano
1996:The Portrait of a Lady
1999: Holy Smoke
2006: The Water Diary
2.Amy Heckerling
1989: Look Whos Talking
1990: Look Whos Talking 2
1995: Clueless
2000: Loser
2007: I Could Never Be Your Woman
3. Sofia Coppola
1996: Bed Bath and Beyond
1998: Lick the Star
1999: The Virgin Suicide
2003: Lost in Translation
2006:Mary Antoinette
4. Mary Harron
1996: I Shot Any Warhol
2005: The Notorious Bettie Page
2005: Six Feet Under
2000: American Pshyco
5. Phyllida Lloyd
1998 : Lucia
2008:Mama Mia
5 Reasons Why There Are Less Female Directors
1. Film is said to memoremaledominent, in the movie industry there are men at the top.
2. women have to think about pregnancy time off or stay at home to look after children not much time to make movies
3. Female psyche: women have no self-belief
4. many of the films genres that people enjoy have been mastered by male directors therfore it has been assumed that male directors should be the only ones making them
5. Female directors just don't make the effort to actually send in their projects.
2. women have to think about pregnancy time off or stay at home to look after children not much time to make movies
3. Female psyche: women have no self-belief
4. many of the films genres that people enjoy have been mastered by male directors therfore it has been assumed that male directors should be the only ones making them
5. Female directors just don't make the effort to actually send in their projects.
Gender In Advertising
Gunter(1995)- Gunter looked into the representation of women in magazines throughoutthe decades, his research found out that women in magazines were shown in roles that were assositated with the gender which was usually jobs that didnt have high income,jobs such as secataries. Gunter also found that the housewife image that was shown of women in the 50's was still around in the 70's.
Cumberbatch (1995) - Cumberbath was also a theorist that done his research at the same timeas Gunter, his research involved looking at 500 tv advertisiments and relising that women doing houswork only covered 7% of television advertisments, one key point which Cumberbatch found was that in this time there were adverts showing men doing housework, this could have been start of the new man generation.
Scheibe - Scheibe was a theorist that investiagted television advertisments aswell as Gunter and Cumberbatch, he found that there was a difference between the representations of men and women, he said women were shown in a way which highlights beauty, cleanliness, family and pleasing others, whereas men were only more concerned about achievements and having fun
Macdonald (1995)- Macdonald's ideas were different from the other theoriests, his search found that advertisers followed womens stereotypes and did not want to potray the new modern idea of women in the advertisiments.
walters (1998) - Walters study looked into the representation of men and women in magazines, her key point was more attractive people earn more money than their plain counterparts and this was more apparant for men then women. walters also said that this point was more relevent to women then men.
Greer - Geers study looked into the repretation of women he says that years ago it was ok for a women to look just beautiful but in todays text women had to have a tight body and a pretty face to go with it, Greer also states that every woman knows that she is a failure if she is not beautiful which emphises the views of society that women feel.
Cortese - Cortese is another theorist which in their study they found that womenn were seen to have no real place in media and were seen as just sex objects and nothing more. However he does go on to say that women are shown to look near enough perfect through the use of editing, as parts of their body have been highlighted and making them look better then they acctully do.
Cumberbatch (1995) - Cumberbath was also a theorist that done his research at the same timeas Gunter, his research involved looking at 500 tv advertisiments and relising that women doing houswork only covered 7% of television advertisments, one key point which Cumberbatch found was that in this time there were adverts showing men doing housework, this could have been start of the new man generation.
Scheibe - Scheibe was a theorist that investiagted television advertisments aswell as Gunter and Cumberbatch, he found that there was a difference between the representations of men and women, he said women were shown in a way which highlights beauty, cleanliness, family and pleasing others, whereas men were only more concerned about achievements and having fun
Macdonald (1995)- Macdonald's ideas were different from the other theoriests, his search found that advertisers followed womens stereotypes and did not want to potray the new modern idea of women in the advertisiments.
walters (1998) - Walters study looked into the representation of men and women in magazines, her key point was more attractive people earn more money than their plain counterparts and this was more apparant for men then women. walters also said that this point was more relevent to women then men.
Greer - Geers study looked into the repretation of women he says that years ago it was ok for a women to look just beautiful but in todays text women had to have a tight body and a pretty face to go with it, Greer also states that every woman knows that she is a failure if she is not beautiful which emphises the views of society that women feel.
Cortese - Cortese is another theorist which in their study they found that womenn were seen to have no real place in media and were seen as just sex objects and nothing more. However he does go on to say that women are shown to look near enough perfect through the use of editing, as parts of their body have been highlighted and making them look better then they acctully do.
Thursday, December 11, 2008
Quotes
1.Burton G 1999: media and popular culture.
"representations are about stereotypes and that representations in the media are the visible side to ideology."
2.Mulvey, Laura, 1975,-'Visual pleasure and narrative cinema' "The image of woman as (passive) raw material for the (active) gaze.....The arguement returns again to the psychoanalytic background that woman as representation signifies castration.
3.Sharon Smith Journal (1972): Women and Film "The role of women in a film almost always revolves around her physical attraction, and the mating games she plays with the male character
4.Wood 1979: introduction " the horror film has consistenetly veen on of the most pipular and, at the same time the most disrepitable of hollywood genres"
5. Wood 1979: introduction "the popularity itself has a perciliar characterstic tht sets the horror film apart from other genres.
6. Brian Murphy : monster movies " horros never never land is bearable becuase it is so entierly rational.
7.Wood 1979: introduction " one might say that the trie subject of the horror genre is the struggle for recognition of all that our civilisiation represses and opresses"
8. Williams 1993 : when the women looks "the frequent weakness of the male heroes and the extreme excitment and surplus danger when the monster and the women get together
"representations are about stereotypes and that representations in the media are the visible side to ideology."
2.Mulvey, Laura, 1975,-'Visual pleasure and narrative cinema' "The image of woman as (passive) raw material for the (active) gaze.....The arguement returns again to the psychoanalytic background that woman as representation signifies castration.
3.Sharon Smith Journal (1972): Women and Film "The role of women in a film almost always revolves around her physical attraction, and the mating games she plays with the male character
4.Wood 1979: introduction " the horror film has consistenetly veen on of the most pipular and, at the same time the most disrepitable of hollywood genres"
5. Wood 1979: introduction "the popularity itself has a perciliar characterstic tht sets the horror film apart from other genres.
6. Brian Murphy : monster movies " horros never never land is bearable becuase it is so entierly rational.
7.Wood 1979: introduction " one might say that the trie subject of the horror genre is the struggle for recognition of all that our civilisiation represses and opresses"
8. Williams 1993 : when the women looks "the frequent weakness of the male heroes and the extreme excitment and surplus danger when the monster and the women get together
Historical Clips
1950's
this clip is from a film called HIGH NOON, this is an exmple of popular media at the time as western films were popular. a key point about westerns is the lack of representation of women, women are rarely shown but when they are they are shown as housewives or being inferior to males.
1960's
The Sound of Music was released in 1965 and, to this day, is still the 3rd highest grossing movie of all time adjusted for inflation, the main character is a female and is represented in a innocent way follwoing the moddona or whore theory, this movie is key in the history of women representation
1970's
Alien is another movie key to the history of women in the media as this is one of the first times that a women leads in the film using a male role of being the hero, this film also started the last girl theory which is still used in todays movies.
1980's
3 men and a baby challanges the roles givin to men and women, the film shows 3 men taking care of a baby which is not usual of men as women were seen to look after kids, this film can be said to be the birth of the new man
1990's
Goodfellas is a big gangster film which shows male domience and men as powerful individuals amognst society, females are shown as passive becuase they are being led by men, the female characters are seen as being something to look at but not respected.
this clip is from a film called HIGH NOON, this is an exmple of popular media at the time as western films were popular. a key point about westerns is the lack of representation of women, women are rarely shown but when they are they are shown as housewives or being inferior to males.
1960's
The Sound of Music was released in 1965 and, to this day, is still the 3rd highest grossing movie of all time adjusted for inflation, the main character is a female and is represented in a innocent way follwoing the moddona or whore theory, this movie is key in the history of women representation
1970's
Alien is another movie key to the history of women in the media as this is one of the first times that a women leads in the film using a male role of being the hero, this film also started the last girl theory which is still used in todays movies.
1980's
3 men and a baby challanges the roles givin to men and women, the film shows 3 men taking care of a baby which is not usual of men as women were seen to look after kids, this film can be said to be the birth of the new man
1990's
Goodfellas is a big gangster film which shows male domience and men as powerful individuals amognst society, females are shown as passive becuase they are being led by men, the female characters are seen as being something to look at but not respected.
Tuesday, December 2, 2008
Gender Today
During the 1990s and into the new century gender roles on television became increasingly equal and non stereotyped however the leading roles were still playedby males.
examples of women character roles
. Sex in the city- four main characters female comparing female experiences in there life.
.Buffy the Vampire slayer- Main character playing a stereotypical male view, which includes fighting and voilence.
Maggie Humm- Films either stereotype women as "Good Mothers" or "Bad Hysterical careerists".
Michael Thomson- "By all means be feisty, but never forget to be feminine".
Charlies Angels(2000)- Barrymore, Diaz and Lui represent redhead, blonde and brunet respectively or as David Poland pointed out and said, as "Tits", "Ass" and "Hair"?
Prime-Time T.V shows presented women as single, young, independent and free from family and work place pressures
Programmes such as Friends have showed equal roles amongst the characters ass both genders play equal roles in the seriies, also the womens representations are shown in a diffeerent way, they are shown as inependent women howver in many scenarios in the series they have been shown to still be needeing a male charater.
1992-1993, 18% of women were major characters, two thirds of these played domestic situation comedies. 1995-1996, 43% of major characters were female.
1992-1993, 3% of women were represented as housewives as their main occupation. 8% of women were shown as the 'homemakers'.
1995-1996, roles of women and men in conversations on screen, recording the degree of control they exerted over dialogue, it was found that on a character-by-character basis, females and males were equal.
1992-1993 study found that 'the women on prime time TV in the early 1990s was young, single, independent, and free from family and work place pressures' (Elasmar, Hasegawa and Brian 1999: 33
A study by psychologists, Muncer, Campbell, Jervis and Lewis (2001), respond to the growing concern of the Media term "Ladettes", these are women who are assertive with an aggressive attitude which are usually associated with "Lads". The study talks about whether "girls power" leads to "girl violence
examples of women character roles
. Sex in the city- four main characters female comparing female experiences in there life.
.Buffy the Vampire slayer- Main character playing a stereotypical male view, which includes fighting and voilence.
Maggie Humm- Films either stereotype women as "Good Mothers" or "Bad Hysterical careerists".
Michael Thomson- "By all means be feisty, but never forget to be feminine".
Charlies Angels(2000)- Barrymore, Diaz and Lui represent redhead, blonde and brunet respectively or as David Poland pointed out and said, as "Tits", "Ass" and "Hair"?
Prime-Time T.V shows presented women as single, young, independent and free from family and work place pressures
Programmes such as Friends have showed equal roles amongst the characters ass both genders play equal roles in the seriies, also the womens representations are shown in a diffeerent way, they are shown as inependent women howver in many scenarios in the series they have been shown to still be needeing a male charater.
1992-1993, 18% of women were major characters, two thirds of these played domestic situation comedies. 1995-1996, 43% of major characters were female.
1992-1993, 3% of women were represented as housewives as their main occupation. 8% of women were shown as the 'homemakers'.
1995-1996, roles of women and men in conversations on screen, recording the degree of control they exerted over dialogue, it was found that on a character-by-character basis, females and males were equal.
1992-1993 study found that 'the women on prime time TV in the early 1990s was young, single, independent, and free from family and work place pressures' (Elasmar, Hasegawa and Brian 1999: 33
A study by psychologists, Muncer, Campbell, Jervis and Lewis (2001), respond to the growing concern of the Media term "Ladettes", these are women who are assertive with an aggressive attitude which are usually associated with "Lads". The study talks about whether "girls power" leads to "girl violence
Representation Of Gender In The Past
Miles (1975)- found that there were equal proportion of men and women in comedies.Davis (1990)-Humour was sexist to females.Female were in comedies at a statistic of 43
Dyer (1987)- degrading and trivialising views of women in game shows.Kaplan (1983)- Women in film still degrading the values, a lot of masculinity in movies.
Susan Faludi (1991)- argued that films of the 1980s were part of a wider backlash against women's liberation and women careers. This includes films such as fatal Attraction and Baby Boom. females characters reduced to mute and incidental characters or banished altogether
McNeil (1975)- women movement been largely ignored by t.v with ,married housewife's being the main female role
In the 1950s- 1970s only 20 to 35 per cent of tv characters were women. – this shows the inequality of gender represented on tv.
Gunter (1995)
Elasmar (1999)
“Tokenism” – rape story lines, female characters to clash with the old guard who might not treat rape very sensitively.
Women in the movies – played the same roles that they played in television programmes
Women had important roles in many films but were given roles such as a frightened character or a character which needs direction and protection.
Feminist critics have out it even more starkly, in 1973 majorie Rosen asserted that the cinema women is a pop corn venus. – a delectable but insubstantial hybrid of cultural distortions.
Dyer (1987)- degrading and trivialising views of women in game shows.Kaplan (1983)- Women in film still degrading the values, a lot of masculinity in movies.
Susan Faludi (1991)- argued that films of the 1980s were part of a wider backlash against women's liberation and women careers. This includes films such as fatal Attraction and Baby Boom. females characters reduced to mute and incidental characters or banished altogether
McNeil (1975)- women movement been largely ignored by t.v with ,married housewife's being the main female role
In the 1950s- 1970s only 20 to 35 per cent of tv characters were women. – this shows the inequality of gender represented on tv.
Gunter (1995)
Elasmar (1999)
“Tokenism” – rape story lines, female characters to clash with the old guard who might not treat rape very sensitively.
Women in the movies – played the same roles that they played in television programmes
Women had important roles in many films but were given roles such as a frightened character or a character which needs direction and protection.
Feminist critics have out it even more starkly, in 1973 majorie Rosen asserted that the cinema women is a pop corn venus. – a delectable but insubstantial hybrid of cultural distortions.
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